Arkadaşlarım, Hz. İbrahim’in (as) oğlunun kurbanını tartışırken , teklif edilen oğlunun Hz. İsmail olduğu konusunda ısrar ediyorlar. İbrahim’in (as) Hacer’den olan büyük oğludur. Dolayısıyla Kur’an’a baktığımda bu konuda söyledikleri beni şaşırttı. Arkadaşlarımı da şaşırttı. İbrahim’in İşareti 3, bu önemli olaya bakmaktadır ve burada Kuran’ın tamamı alıntılanmıştır. Peki ne diyor? Belirli ayeti tekrar tekrarlıyoruz.
(Oğlu) onunla (ciddi) çalışacak yaşa gelince şöyle dedi: “Ey oğlum! Görümde seni kurban olarak sunduğumu görüyorum: Şimdi gör, görüşün ne?” (Oğlu) dedi ki: “Ey babacığım! Emrolunduğun gibi yap; Allah dilerse sabredip, sebat eden birini bulacaksın! Saffat 37:102
Kur’an, İbrahim’in (as) kurban olarak sunduğu oğlunun adını vermez . O halde daha kapsamlı bir araştırma ve inceleme yapalım. Kuran’ın tamamını araştırdığınızda onun adının 12 kez geçtiğini doğrulayabilirsiniz.
- Bu zamanların ikisinde ondan babası İbrahim’le birlikte söz edilir (2:125, 2:127).
- Bu zamanların beşinde İbrahim ve kardeşi İshak’la birlikte ondan bahsedilmektedir (3:84, 4,163, 2:133, 2:136, 2:140).
- Geriye kalan beş ayette ondan babası İbrahim olmadan ama diğer peygamberlerle birlikte bir liste halinde bahsedilmektedir (6:86, 14:39, 19:54, 21:85, 38:48).
Babası İbrahim (a.s.) ile yalnız olduğunu iki kez anlatmakta ve onunla birlikte namaz kılmaktan söz etmektedir. Kurban konusunu tartışmamaktadırlar.
Hatırlayın ki Biz, Beyti insanlar için bir toplanma yeri ve bir emniyet yeri kılmıştık. İbrahim’in makamını namazgâh edininiz. İbrahim ve İsmail’den, Beyt’imi kuşatan veya orayı sığınak olarak kullanan, rükû eden veya secdeye kapanan kimseler için temiz tutmaları konusunda sözleşmiştik.İnek 2:125
İbrahim ile İsmail’in Beyt’in temellerini yükselttiğini de hatırla (şu dua ile): “Rabbimiz! Bizden (bu hizmeti) kabul et: Çünkü sen her şeyi işitensin, her şeyi bilensin.İnek 2:127
Kur’an-ı Kerim hiçbir zaman İbrahim’in İsmail’i kurban olarak sunduğunu belirtmez. Olayı anlatan tek ayette sadece ‘oğul’ yazıyor. Peki, neden bu kadar çok kişi İbrahim’in, (Sara’nın küçük oğlu olan) İshak yerine İsmail’i kurban etmeyi teklif ettiğinde ısrar ediyor?
İbrahim Oğlunun Kurbanının Şerhi
Yusuf Ali saygın bir Kur’an yorumcusu ve aynı zamanda bir Kur’an tercümanıdır. Saffat Suresi tefsirine http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsiraya/037%20Saffat.pdf adresinden ulaşılabilir.
Kurban pasajına ilişkin yorumda, kurban edilen oğulla ilgili şu iki dipnot bulunmaktadır:
4096 Burası verimli topraklar olan Suriye ve Filistin’deydi. Bu şekilde doğan çocuk, Müslüman geleneğine göre İbrahim’in ilk doğan oğlu, yani İsmail’di. İsmin kendisi duymak anlamına gelen Sami’a kökünden gelmektedir, çünkü Tanrı İbrahim’in duasını duymuştur (ayet 100). İbrahim’in İsmail doğduğunda yaşı 86 idi (Yaratılış 16:16).http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsiraya/037%20Saffat.pdf , sayfa 27, C4096
Yusuf Ali’nin buradaki tek nedeni ‘Müslüman geleneği’dir.
4101 Bizim versiyonumuz mevcut Eski Ahit’in Yahudi-Hıristiyan versiyonuyla karşılaştırılabilir. Yahudi geleneği, ailenin Yahudilerin atası İshak’tan gelen genç kolunu yüceltmek için, Arapların atası İsmail’in soyundan gelen yaşlı koluna karşılık, bu kurbanı İshak’a atfeder (Gen. 22). :1-18). İshak, İbrahim 100 yaşındayken doğmuştur (Yaratılış 21:5), İsmail ise İbrahim 86 yaşındayken İbrahim’in oğlu olarak doğmuştur (Yaratılış 16:16). Bu nedenle İsmail, İshak’tan 14 yaş büyüktü. İlk 14 yılında İsmail, İbrahim’in tek oğluydu; İshak hiçbir zaman İbrahim’in tek oğlu olmadı. Yine de kurbandan söz ederken Eski Ahit şöyle der (Yaratılış 22:2): ‘Ve dedi ki: Şimdi oğlunu, sevdiğin biricik oğlun Issac’ı al ve Moriah ülkesine götür; yakmalık sunu için oradaydı…”http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsiraya/037%20Saffat.pdf , sayfa 29, C4101
Bu dipnotta Tevrat’ın “oğlunu, biricik oğlunu al…” (Yaratılış 22:2) dediğini belirtiyor. Daha sonra İsmail’in İshak’tan 14 yaş büyük olması nedeniyle ‘tek oğul’ olarak yalnızca İsmail’in kurban olarak sunulabileceğini ileri sürer. Ancak daha önce Yaratılış 21’de İbrahim’in (as) İsmail ve Hacer’i gönderdiğinden bahsetmiyor . Dolayısıyla Yaratılış 22’de İbrahim’in İsmail’i sürgün etmesinden bu yana İbrahim’in kalan ‘tek oğlu’ İshak’tır. Bununla ilgili daha fazla ayrıntıyı burada bulabilirsiniz.
İbrahim’in oğlunun kurban edilmesi: Tevrat’ın şahitliği
Yani Kur’an hangi oğul olduğunu belirtmiyor ama Tevrat çok açık. Yaratılış 22’deki Tevrat’ta İshak’ın isminden altı farklı yerde bahsettiğini görebilirsiniz (22:2, 3, 6, 7 (2 kez), 9’da).
Peygamber Efendimiz (sav)’in desteklediği Tevrat
Hadislerde Hz. Peygamber’in (sav) bugün sahip olduğumuz Tevrat’ı desteklediği açıkça ifade edilmektedir. Bu konuyla ilgili makalede birçok hadis zikredilmektedir, bunlardan biri şöyle demektedir:
Abdullah İbn Ömer anlatıyor: ..Yahudilerden bir grup gelip Allah Resulü’nü (as) Kuff’a davet etti. … Dediler ki: ‘Erkeklerimizden biri Ebu’l-Kasım bir kadınla zina yaptı; öyleyse onlara hükmü ver’. Üzerine oturan Allah Resulü’ne bir minder koydular ve: “Tevrat’ı getir” dediler. Daha sonra getirildi. Daha sonra altındaki minderi çekip üzerine Tevrat’ı koydu ve şöyle dedi: ” Sana ve seni indirene inandım. ” Sünen Ebu Davud Kitap 38, Sayı 4434:
Hz. İsa Mesih (as)’ın desteklediği Tevrat
İsa Mesih (as) da burada gördüğümüz gibi Tevrat’ı tasdik etmiştir. O öğretti:
18 Size doğrusunu söyleyeyim, yer ve gök ortadan kalkmadan, her şey gerçekleşmeden, Kutsal Yasa’dan ufacık bir harf ya da bir nokta bile yok olmayacak.
MATTA 5:18-19
19 Bu nedenle, bu buyrukların en küçüğünden birini kim çiğner ve başkalarına öyle öğretirse, Göklerin Egemenliği’nde en küçük sayılacak. Ama bu buyrukları kim yerine getirir ve başkalarına öğretirse, Göklerin Egemenliği’nde büyük sayılacak.
Uyarı: Tevrat üzerine asla gelenek eklenmemelidir
Herhangi bir hadis uğruna Musa’nın Tevrat’ını göz ardı etmek akıllıca olmaz. Aslında Hz. İsa el-Masih (as), kendi zamanının dini liderlerini, tam da kendi ‘geleneklerini’ Kanunun önüne koydukları için eleştirmişti. Biz okuyoruz:
3 İsa onlara şu karşılığı verdi: “Ya siz, neden töreniz uğruna Tanrı buyruğunu çiğniyorsunuz?
MATTA 15:3-7
4 Çünkü Tanrı şöyle buyurdu: ‘Annene babana saygı göstereceksin’; ‘Annesine ya da babasına söven kesinlikle öldürülecektir.’
5 Ama siz, ‘Her kim anne ya da babasına, benden alacağın bütün yardım Tanrı’ya adanmıştır derse, artık babasına saygı göstermek zorunda değildir’ diyorsunuz. Böylelikle, töreniz uğruna Tanrı’nın sözünü geçersiz kılmış oluyorsunuz.
6 (#15:5)
7 Ey ikiyüzlüler! Yeşaya’nın sizinle ilgili şu peygamberlik sözü ne kadar yerindedir: ‘Bu halk dudaklarıyla beni sayar, Ama yürekleri benden uzak.
Peygamber’in, “gelenek” uğruna Mesajı hiçbir zaman geçersiz kılmama yönündeki uyarısı çok açıktır.
Bugünkü Tevrat’ın, Ölü Deniz Parşömenleri tarafından desteklenen tanıklığı
Ölü Deniz Parşömenleri olarak adlandırılan Tevrat’ın mevcut en eski el yazmaları M.Ö. 200’e kadar uzanır (bununla ilgili daha fazla bilgiyi burada bulabilirsiniz) . Aşağıdaki şemaya bakın. Demek ki Hz. Muhammed (as) ve Hz. İsa Mesih (as)’in bahsettiği Tevrat, bugünkü ile tamamen aynıdır.
Özetle Kur’an, İbrahim’in hangi oğluna kurban sunduğuna tanıklık etmezken, Tevrat açıkça küçük oğul İshak’ın adını verir. Muhammed (as) ve İsa el Mesih (as) peygamberlerinin yanı sıra metinsel eleştirilerin tümü Tevrat’ın güvenilirliğini tasdik etmektedir.
Nice article…very informative..Thanks
Nice article…very informative..Ishmail that sacrified tested because the person that have to be sacrified was YOUR SON not Your baby … !!!
Thank you
such an excellent reason n just few words. that cleared it for me more than the long chapters of ragnar
Ismael was not born to wife but to a concubine slave woman….Issac was born to wife..tradition says the heirs are of the legally wedded not to them who are outside wedding…And more over God asked for a child who was born of promise…which is difficult to sacrifice than an ordinary child…So it proves it was Issac..
How does that mean that Isaac was a baby or how
Dear! I am sorry to take so many months to read your article. I do appreciate the research you have done and the pains you have taken to compile it. I,as a Muslim, believe in each and every word of the Holy Qur’an. Had I the time and had I found it necessary to reply logically, I would have done so. But I think that better you have your faith and so should I. It does not make much difference which son was offered for sacrifice. A ‘banished son’ remains a son. Together Father and son built the Ka’aba. Together they prayed. How can we say that Hazrat Ismaiel (PBUH) was ‘banished’. Hazrat Abraham (AS) used to visit his son and wife and lived with them as well.
Anyhow, Allah Almighty knows the best. It is useless to indulge in debate. You are a very nice fellow. I respect you. One should stand by one’s faith. I true Hindu, a true, Jew, a true Christian a true Muslim is more respectable than a fake one or a hypocrite.
Was Isaac or Ishmael to be sacrificed ?
As you know, Kedar is a descendent of Ishmael {Genesis 25:13}, and Ishmael is the the base for the Family Tree of Prophet Muhammad through Kedar.
An important Fact that I would like you to observe now is how the scribes switched names to illegitimize Ishmael.
The scribes and commentators say that Ishmael is not a legitimate son of Abraham and therefore the covenant was only with Isaac.
Now I will show you in the Scripture that it was Really Ishmael who was to be sacrificed and the covenant was first done with Ishmael and Ishmael was a legitimate son of Abraham even after Abraham’s death.
1. The covenant was first made with Abraham and Ishmael;
Genesis 17:10 This [is] my covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be circumcised.
Genesis 17:13 He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
Note:-
2. It was really Ishmael and not Isaac who was going to be sacrificed and the Jewish scribes because of vanity, switched the names;
Genesis 16:16 “and Abram [is] a son of eighty and six years in Hagar’s bearing Ishmael to Abram.”
Who’s son? Abraham’s “son”. Now as far as the sacrifice is concerned, Genesis 17:24 “Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.”
That makes Abraham’s son Ishmael 13, how old is Isaac at this time? Genesis 21:5 “Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him.”
that means during the circumcision/sacrifice, Abraham’s only “begotten” son is Ishmael and not Isaac as the Bible says.
KJV Hebrews 11:17 “By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son,”
Therefore we see that Isaac was not the only son, as a matter of fact, Isaac was not even born yet and Abraham’s Only begotten son was Ishmael. Therefore further confirming the Legitimacy of Prophet Muhammad which God says I will make great Nations from Ishmael.
Genesis 17:20 And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation.
3. Ishmael was a legitimate son even after Abraham died;
Genesis 16:3 “And Sarai Abram’s wife took Hagar her maid the Egyptian, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife.”
Genesis 25:9 “Then his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him (Abraham) in *the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, facing Mamre,”
Genesis 25:12 “Now these are the records of the generations of *Ishmael, Abraham’s son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah’s maid, bore to Abraham;”
Copyright (c) 1998 Mohamed Ghounem & Abdur Rahman
The Authors give Full Permission to Use any of the Above Material As Your Own to distribute for Free.
“Invite (all) to the Way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious: for thy Lord knoweth best, who have strayed from His Path, and who receive guidance.” Qur’an 16:125
Salaam wa alaikum Amir
Thank you for your extensive comments. I understand you are using Genesis (Taurat) to prove Ishmael was a legitimate son. I would agree. But in another comment you say that the Bible (which includes Taurat) has indeed been corrupted. If it has been corrupted why would you quote it to argue your point? If something really is corrupted it is not trustworthy as a source. You cannot have it both ways and the very fact that you quote it shows that it indeed is reliable and trustworthy – why quote it otherwise?
Now as to Ishmael and Isaac. The Taurat nevers says that Ishmael is ‘illegimate’. It merely says that he is not the son of promise. This is very clearly stated in between the verses that you quoted. The full text reads:
So we see that yes God will bless Ishmael and that he is under the covenant of circumcision as you say. But the covenant of promise is to be established with Isaac whom Sarah ‘will’ (ie in the future – v21) bear. This other covenant of promise was given before his birth. This was to him and his descendants.
Given the peculiar history of the Jews, with the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai, the rise of David as their king, and all the other Jewish prophets, it requires willful rejection to deny that the Jews did have (at the very least) a special covenant between them and God. This is not to exclude that others have no covenant (I myself am not a Jew), but they had a unique one. And we see here that it starts with Isaac.
What you are ignoring is that between Genesis 17 (the covenant of circumcision which included Ishmael and was given before Isaac was born as you say) and Genesis 22 (the sacrifice of the son in question) is chapter 21. In the beginning of that chapter Isaac is born and sets off a rivalry between Hagar and Sarah such that Sarah demands that Hagar leave. Abraham is reluctant but God says
There was to be a specific ‘offspring’ (this is in the singular not plural so it is talking about an individual male) that was to come ‘through’ Isaac. The sacrifice of Abraham was to foreshadow this coming ‘offspring’. If you look at Sign 3 of Ibrahim you will recognize that the details of the event clearly have a foreshadowing of the prophet Jesus – who we all know was Jewish and thus came from Isaac. Isaac is thus called Abraham’s ‘only’ son because he is the son of this covenant of the coming ‘offspring’.
So it is not a question of ‘illegitimate’ son or not. Ishmael was legitimate. But it was not through him that this promised ‘offspring’ would come. This goes back even to Adam and Eve where we see in Sign of Adam that an ‘offspring’ was to come from a woman (not woman and man – thus the virgin birth which is Jesus who was Jewish and thus through Isaac).
If you look at my article on scientific textual criticism you will see that it has been written this way since the Dead Sea Scrolls (ie 200 BC). You need some elaborate plot to imagine how the Jewish scribes would switch names to make it point to Jesus – when they do not even believe in him! That makes no sense.
What is the meaning of covenant of promise,please explain and don’t twist your words onto God. Is the covenant of circumcision the same as covenant of promise. If so where is covenant of promise mentioned in the bible. Why should you Christians twist and lie about the bible and then attribute it God. Remember God said you should add or remove from it,don’t fear the punishment of God for doing so.
Hi Isa
Thanks so much for your great question. In short, the covenant of promise is different than the covenant of circumcision. If you look at Sign 1 and Sign 2 of Ibrahim you will see the covenant of Promise. Allah simply promised a nation and offspring. These happened in Genesis 12 & 15. The covenant of Circumcision was given in Genesis 17 – many years later. So the Promise came first and circumcision was later. The two work together sort of as a marriage and a wedding ring work together. The marriage comes first. As a sign that we are married we wear a wedding ring, but simply wearing a wedding ring does not make you married. In the same way, the covenant of promise was given first. As a sign of the receiving of this covenant circumcision was introduced years later.
Ishmael was born When he was Abram and not Abraham…Issac was born when he was Abraham and Sarah not sarai….God changes their former names and the gives them the child by when Hagar and Ishmael are sent out of Abrahams sorrounding to Beer Lahai Roi….God accepts what came as Promise after they were transformed …Issac -laughter was born for Sarahs agony…So logically ot is rightful that God can ask of Issac and save him as he is not an unjust God to kill what he gave as promise…
it is Ishmael in Qur’an, no doubt
you misquoted the verses and left out Isaac in the next verse. great job evangelical liar!
Hi Cool
I know that my saying that the Qur’an does not mention Ishmael is strange to you because you have been taught otherwise, but it is true. And you need only look to the following verse yourself to check. But I will do better and quote from Yusuf Ali many subsequent verses and you will see that ismael is not mentioned (though Isaac is)
037.099 He said: “I will go to my Lord! He will surely guide me!
037.100 “O my Lord! Grant me a righteous (son)!”
037.101 So We gave him the good news of a boy ready to suffer and forbear.
037.102 Then, when (the son) reached (the age of) (serious) work with him, he said:
“O my son! I see in vision that I offer thee in sacrifice: Now see what is thy view!”
(The son) said: “O my father! Do as thou art commanded: thou will find me, if God so
wills one practising Patience and Constancy!”
037.103 So when they had both submitted their wills (to God), and he had laid him
prostrate on his forehead (for sacrifice),
037.104 We called out to him “O Abraham!
037.105 “Thou hast already fulfilled the vision!” – thus indeed do We reward those
who do right.
037.106 For this was obviously a trial-
037.107 And We ransomed him with a momentous sacrifice:
037.108 And We left (this blessing) for him among generations (to come) in later
times:
037.109 “Peace and salutation to Abraham!”
037.110 Thus indeed do We reward those who do right.
037.111 For he was one of our believing Servants.
037.112 And We gave him the good news of Isaac – a prophet,- one of the Righteous.
037.113 We blessed him and Isaac: but of their progeny are (some) that do right, and
(some) that obviously do wrong, to their own souls.
hi ragner,
You are an evangelical liar.
Quran is very clear.
Don’t babble with the verses.
Hi Riza
You are correct. The quran is very clear. As you can see the name is not mentioned. Please read the entire Surah in Arabic here.
Really, this ragner is a great liar. He is misinterpreting the verses from bible, torah and quran.
Don’t waste your time! Read Quran only. All the other scriptures were already corrupted.
HI Riza
How can this have anything to do with ‘misinterpreting’ when the name is clearly not there. Please read the passage. If the name was there and I ‘interpreted’ it in a way to explain it away then I would agree with you. But the name is not mentioned. And I have quoted the entire passage. This is not a case, as Cool, thought, where I may have stopped too early. Here is the link in Arabic if you want to check that.
Hi Ragner,
You may not see the name of Ismail in the Quraan in the sacrifice verses but God blessed Ibrahim a son (that is Isaac) due to successful in submitting their (Ibrahim & Ismail) will to God. This means Issac was not born while sacrifice was carried out, therefore name was not necessary to mention when there was only a son available during sacrifices.
Its logical too, ex. if you have one son present then you can call him as just son but if there are two sons then you need to call them by name when both are available.
Hi Hameed
Thanks for your thoughtful comment. I agree that this could be an explanation if we knew for sure that it was Ishmael. But if one steps outside of tradition, then the scriptures (all of them) taken together make not a compelling case that it was Ishmael to begin with. Regardless of what we believe in the end, it is worth recognizing that
Ishmail that sacrified tested because the person that have to be sacrified was YOUR SON not Your baby
i have spend days reading all ur posts. it helped me understand so many things but confused me with only one thing. Y R U REPEATING THE HISTORY OF JEWS? THEY DENIED MASIH(PBUH) AND THAT HE BROUGHT WITH HIM AND U DENIED MUHAMMAD (PBUH) AND WHAT HE BROUGHT WITH HIM.
Yes, they did deny Masih pbuh. They are on a long journey. To understand that journey it is helpful to read the warnings of prophet Musa pbuh (link here). Most of the rest of us also deny the Masih pbuh. But we do it in different ways then they do. For example the Masih asked
That is how we often deny the Masih pbuh
The main problem is: we CAN NOT believe that the present Torah is an original text (unlike Al Qur’an, Torah has not been guaranteed its originality), as it was unclear/ unknown who wrote it, when/ where it was written, AND especially the content itself is very confusing (or disgusting) on many verses in which Torah discredits the holy prophets. Example: (in Genesis) prophet Noah fell asleep in drunk, prophet Noah curse his own son Ham, prophet Isaac wrong blessed to prophet Jacobs instead of Esau, prophet Jacobs cheated his father by acting as Esau, prophet Jacobs bought the birthright by a plate of soup from Esau, prophet Lot slept with his daughters and had children (oh my God) … etc. How come such a sacred book humiliates our holy prophets like that??? (You may know that God through Qur’an praises all that holy prophets).
To me, it is no contest, no point at all to compare the present Torah to the Holy Qur’an, in which Qur’an has very different in every fundamental aspects (originality/ authenticity, the beauty of its grammatical, the unity and simplicity, its logic and many others). To me the present Torah is more like a hilarious folklore edited from time to time (since hundred years after prophet Moses) by silly people who had certain motives for doing it (editing). No need to compare, it is finished by itself.
Thanks for your thoughts. Your points about Torah changed are taken up in the article here
Ragner …Your exposition is astounding…Hope these Muslim brothers take the veil off and see the fact even in the Quran to understand…Great work..Well done
037.100 “O my Lord! Grant me a righteous (son)!”
[Abraham prays for a son when he is yet to get one, and to this son does Abraham say:
“O my son! I see in vision that I offer thee in sacrifice: Now see what is thy view!”
(And it is this son that) said: “O my father! Do as thou art commanded: thou will find me, if God so wills one practising Patience and Constancy!”
037.103 So when they had both submitted their wills (to God), and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead (for sacrifice),
[and it is here God calls out to Abraham]
037.104 We called out to him “O Abraham!
[and God says:]
037.105 “Thou hast already fulfilled the vision!” – thus indeed do We reward those who do right.
[and only then God gives the good news of Isaac to Abraham:]
037.112 And We gave him the good news of Isaac – a prophet,- one of the Righteous.
[It is clear that it was Ishmael who was the son put to the test.]
Islam is simple, logical, practical and perfect. May Allah bless all Muslims and enlighten those who cover their eyes with the blood of Jesus to see and know the truth